Dude, Where's My 4 Gigabytes of RAM?

the behavior of the PAE switch on workstation versions of Windows changed beginning with SP2 for XP. Too many drivers were choking when handed addresses outside the 32-bit address range limit and MS was tired of being blamed for the resulting problems, so in SP2 they removed the portion of the PAE switch’s behavior that remapped otherwise-inaccessible RAM below the 4G boundary to above the boundary.